ADVANCES IN THE ANALYSIS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
AN OUTLINE OF THE DEBATE ON THE ETIOLOGY OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Ibrahim Koodoruth

This paper aims to highlight the major developments achieved both in international law and among researchers in explaining the causes of domestic violence. A literature review has been conducted to outline the turning points on what counts as domestic violence? what are the causes? and are men the sole perpetrators of domestic violence? Since the emergence of issue of domestic violence in the 1970’s by feminists and on the international agenda, the division between the public world and private life thereby insulating private life such as the family from public scrutiny has been reviewed in international law. The Convention of the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women and other international conferences on women have paved the way for providing for women rights as human rights thereby advancing the advocacy against domestic violence. However, the main explanation put forward to account for violence against women by feminist has been seriously challenged by family conflict researchers and some feminist researchers in the 1990’s. Women also perpetrate violence and the feminist paradigm by focusing exclusively on male violence has ignored female violence. The analysis of violence whereby women can be both a victim and a perpetrator has led to the emergence of the concept of intimate partner violence and several typologies have been constructed to analyse the dynamics of violence between intimate partners. These typologies allow researchers to fine tune their data collection tools, to develop more realistic theories, and design more effective intervention strategies.

Domestic violence, feminist movement, intimate partner violence.

SPATIAL ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC MATERNAL HEALTH CARE FACILITIES IN IBADAN, NIGERIA.

AYOADE, Modupe Alake

This paper assesses the potential accessibility of women aged 15-49 years to public maternal health care services by examining the service areas and distributional pattern of public maternal health care facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Information on the locations of facilities was collected from the Oyo state ministry of health. The distributional pattern was assessed using nearest neighbor analysis and Moran’s I statistic. Walking and driving service areas were modeled using the circular buffer method. Results showed that facilities are randomly distributed. There is a need to improve the supply and distribution of facilities to meet present and future needs.

Public maternal health care facilities, Geographic distribution, Service area, Potential accessibility, Oyo state, Nigeria.

MOHAMMAD ROEM, ADIMA INSAN AKBAR NOORS

The final report entitled THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUPERVISORY FUNCTIONAL POSITIONS OF GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS IMPLEMENTATION IN WEST BANDUNG REGENCY INSPECTORATEwas made because based on the fact that the functional positions until now have not been implemented. It has resulted in the absence of implementation of some government duties.

Overall this paper aims to describe the implementation of functional positions in the government of West Bandung Regency, along with the barriers and attempt to resolve the existing barriers. To meet these objectives the issues raised in this paper are: how the implementation, what the obstacles, and what efforts to overcome in the implementation of functional positions in the government of West Bandung regency.

To answer to these problems, the qualitative research methods used in this paper is an explorative method with an inductive approach. Due to the limited amount of research time and existing functional position, this study is limited to the implementation of the Supervisory functional position of Local Government Affairs Implementation (P2UPD) in West Bandung Regency Inspectorate. Based on the research results, the implementation of P2UPD functional positions has been going pretty well. Barriers that exist in it are due to the lack of personnel resources to fill in the functional position and the efforts to provide sizeable benefits. So hopefully, the future of West Bandung regency government can provide incentive to employees who want to transfer from structural office to functional office.

Implementation, functional position, P2UPD, In passing

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GOOD GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN PUBLIC SERVICES AT THE POPULATION AND CIVIL REGISTRATION OFFICE
KUBU RAYA DISTRICT

Hasiholan Pasaribu, Moehammad Irtho Harfian

The development of today's world makes people develop in in living their lives. This raises the desire of people to live betterthat eventually increases the demands of society in all aspects of community life. Government as a government affairs organizers have a responsibility for the demands. So the government must have good governance in order to answer all the demands of society. However, it is not easy for the government to realize the good governance.For that, the government should take appropriate steps in achieving good governance which one of them is through the implementation of the principles of good governance in the public service that focuses on the principles of transparency and accountability.
One public service providers in Kubu Raya District is Population and Civil Registration Department. The author is interested in examining the extent of the Department of Population and Civil Registration in applying the principles of good governance in public service delivery. For that, the author conducted research which is then compiled to be a final report entitled "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GOOD GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN PUBLIC SERVICESAT THE POPULATION AND CIVIL REGISTRATION OFFICE KUBU RAYA DISTRICT ". The method used in this research is explorative by using qualitative data through inductive approach. Instrument in this study is the author himself and with the help of another person as an object through interviews and documentation.
Research results show that the Department of Population and Civil Registration of Kubu Raya District has been applying the principles of accountability well, but not too well in applying the principle of transparency. Obstacles that hinder arise from both the service provider and the service recipient. From the research results, the author suggested that the Department of Population and Civil Registration of Kubu Raya District be guided by the Decree of the Minister of State for Administrative Reform No. 26 of 2004 Regarding Transparency and Accountability Technical Guidelines for the Public Service Implementation.

the implementation of good governance; public services; the population and civil registration administration

ELDORET TOWN RESIDENTS’ ASSESSMENT OF THE USE, CHANGES IN SIZE AND OWNERSHIP OF PUBLIC OPEN SPACES IN ELDORET TOWN, KENYA.

Fredrick Okoth Okaka, Prof. Paul Omondi, Jackline Mutheu Peter                                                                                       

Public open spaces such as parks, green areas and recreational facilities can help promote healthy living for people in urban areas by providing opportunities for physical activity practices and leisure activities. They thus play very critical roles in the urban environment. However, increase in human population and the increase in urbanization and industrialization have brought about increased demand for land in the urban areas particularly in the developing countries. These have highly threatened the extinction of these important spaces. Poor land legal systems have also exposed these spaces to land grabbing by powerful and influential persons in the society leading to their privatization hence changing their meaning to the public. In Eldoret town, few public open spaces are present and they are facing various challenges relating to use, size and ownership that need special attention to help rectify the situation. The way the public perceive their role can also affect how they use them. The situation was studied through cross-sectional survey using questionnaires and observation. The results of the study indicate that the residents of Eldoret Town perceive the role of public open spaces in the town as mainly places for recreation, sports activities and for public and political meetings. However, some perceive them as a place for idlers and even garbage dumping grounds. The residents mainly face constraints in the use of the public open spaces such as presence of garbage, interference by hawkers, lack of shelters, unmaintained facilities and insecurity in accessing them. They have noted negative changes in use, ownership and use of the open spaces. They attribute these changes to grabbing of land and allocation to individuals by the disbanded Eldoret Municipal Council, politicians, powerful people, commissioner of lands and the former provincial administration. The conflicts in use of the public open spaces according to the residents come from hawking, preaching, garbage dumping, colonizing by street families, grazing animals, and airing of cereals and even cultivation. The study concludes that the public open spaces in Eldoret Town are under serious threat from conflicts in use, insecurity and grabbers and need serious attention to salvage them and make them accessible and available for use by the residents.

Public Open Spaces, Perception, Eldoret Town residents.

THE DESCRIPTION OF RISKY BEHAVIOR OF HIV / AIDS TRANSMISION FOR NARCOTICS PRISONERS CLASS IIA JAYAPURA 2014

Maria C.Y Hukubun,  Katarina L. Tuturop,  Farida P. Situmorang

HIV / AIDS usually occurs in people who are at risk condition (high risk people). Inmates included in the high-risk group, as an opportunity to risky actions while as prisoners in prison. Based on data that  obtained from Jayapura Narcotics Prison Class IIA in 2014, its indicates that there are 4 people who are HIV positive in prisons. If the risky behavior of HIV / AIDS before entering into the prison is still done by inmates and detainees in prisons Class IIA Narcotics Jayapura, then it can lead to HIV transmission to prisoners in prisons. The purpose of this study was to determine risk behaviors  as a picture of HIV / AIDS  transmission in Prison inmates Narcotics Class IIA Jayapura.

The type of research is descriptive quantitative. The population in this study were all prisoners inmates, totally 146 persons .Technique for sampling is the  saturation sampling. The sample of this study totally 80 people. Analysis of the data we used were univariate data.

The results of this study indicate that the characteristics of respondents included 72 respondents (90%) were male, 21 respondents (26.2%) had 26-30 years of age category, 53 respondents (66.2%) had a high school education last on the level, 70 respondents (87.5%) status as a prisoner, 8 respondents (80%) had a detention time category for under 6 months and 58 respondents(82.9%) had a criminal past for up to  5 years. Categories of knowledge about HIV / AIDS is the most widely enough that totally 40 respondents (50%), most categories of attitude is pretty much the 42 respondents (52.5%) and the most widely category of action before entering the prison are at risk conditions  are  55 respondents ( 68.8) and after being in prison is not at  risk  totally 75 respondents (93.8%).

behavior, HIV / AIDS, prisons, prisoners

THE EMPOWERMENT OF SOCIETY
THROUGH WOVEN SARONG PRODUCTION ACTIVITY IN WANAREJAN UTARA VILLAGE OF TAMAN SUB DISTRICT OF PEMALANG REGENCY OF CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE

H.  ISMAIL NURDIN, Hj.  SRI HARTATI, FARINA RAHMAWATI

Poverty becomes the biggest development problem of this century, not only for Indonesia, but also for every country around the world. Unavailability of sufficient number of jobs causes government to make comprehensive and sustained efforts to reduce the poverty. Now community empowerment becomes appropriate solution in enabling people and improving independent people to reach the social welfare.
The title of this research is “Community Empowerment through Woven Sarong Production Activity in Wanarejan Utara Village of Taman Sub district of Pemalang Regency of Central Java Province”. The research aimed to describe the process of woven sarong production as community empowerment activity, to identify inhibiting factors, and to determine the local government effort as empowerment strategy. It used an exploratory method with an inductive approach, using descriptive analysis to portray the empowerment process. It also used non-scoring SWOT analysis to identify internal and external factors which influenced the empowerment.
According to research and data processing, the author could conclude that community empowerment through woven sarong production in Wanarejan Utara Village did not run optimally. It could be showed from the community welfare level that has not increased yet and from the inhibiting factors such as low of capital, inefficient production, and the worker regeneration.
The best recommendation is to optimize the training and monitoring that is done by local government, along with the establishment of woven sarong as a main product of Pemalang Regency. The last one is to form production cooperative that can guarantee the materials production and distribution networking in order to increase the community outcome. The roles both local government and community itself are needed to sustain the production activity as a community empowerment in Wanarejan Utara Village.

 community; optimalization; influenced the empowerment

COUNTRY ADVICE ON THE IDENTITY OF STATELESS PEOPLE
AN ANALYSIS OF AUSTRALIAN COUNTRY ADVICE ON STATELESS KUWAITIS

Susan Kennedy

This paper analyses Australian country advice on the identity of Stateless Kuwaitis.  In doing so, I attempt to describe how ideas about stateless people’s identity can develop into politically competing positions within Refugee and Migration Review Tribunals, such that the politicization of identity may trump the individual’s claim for asylum and lead to a negative outcome.  To illustrate this process, I analyse one particular Australian country advice (Kuwait: KWT37495, 2010).  The document was concerned with whether or not stateless asylum seekers could be evaluated as ‘Kuwaiti,’ and how claims of discrimination by individuals on the basis of cultural difference could be justified.  Different points of view developed by non-government humanitarian organisations (NGOs) and British government positions on statelessness in Kuwait were used to compile country advice in the advice in the absence of serious research on stateless people in Kuwait.  Despite the magnitude of humanitarian reports available on the Stateless in Kuwait, there has been little academic research on the same.  Through the example show, I suggest that the nature of the country advice information on stateless people in Kuwait used by receiving country authorities was speculative than confirmatory.  What was left out of the advice highlights the manner in which the document was selectively constructed.  Not only are the Advices in need of renewal, there is also a need for increased transparency regarding the compiling of such information.  For the time being, the Australian government policy has resulted to the removal the country advice from public view, further politicizing asylum claims in Australia and keeping the Stateless one step further away from taking up their membership as citizens of the world community.  Nevertheless, the analysis also brings a new angle to the construction of identity of the Stateless people of Kuwait, via the lens of legal discourse and the use of sources for legal argument in migration courts.

Stateless, asylum, refugee, Kuwait, Australia, refugee, migration, tribunal, Convention, discourse

DECENTRALIZATION OF COAL MINING LICENSEIN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF REGIONAL AUTONOMY
IN EAST KUTAI REGENCY EAST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE

H. Isran Noor

Issues raised in the study of this dissertation is the decentralization of the licensing of coal mining in the implementation of regional autonomy in the East Kutai Regency of East Kalimantan of this condition has not been effectively demonstrated by environmental factors cause air pollution conditions that have a negative impact on health; unfavorable factors interorganizational relationships. resources available to avoid overlapping and characteristics of regional officials lack of coordination.
The method used a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis method to describe systematically the facts and characteristics of the object and the subject of empirical observations precisely in the form of variations problems associated with coal mining permits decentralization in the implementation of regional autonomy in the East Kutai Regency of East Kalimantan Province.
The results showed that the decentralization of coal mining permits in the implementation of regional autonomy in the East Kutai Regency of East Kalimantan province has not been effective, due to the factor of factor of environmental conditions, inter-organizational relationships, available resources, and characteristic of implementing agencies condition officials who harm the coal mining company boils down to increase social welfare.
Decentralization of coal mining permits in the implementation of regional autonomy should be reflected in the attitudes of local government officials to realize good governance and clean government for the use of natural resources with the rules of the forests, plantations, and land.

Decentralization, Coal Mining Permits, and Regional Autonomy.

MAKNA TOPENG JANTUK PADA TRIKOTOMIS PEIRCE

Yulianti, Dr. Wahidin Loekman, Dr. Dade Mahzuni

Mask is a tool for covering face with kinds of shapes and sizes. Commonly, mask is used in a show on a theatre, drama, or dance. Mask has important roles in a stage. The expression of the mask in a play is not only identic with a smart social critics but also easy to understand. Based on Peirce Tracheotomy, mask has cultural meaning and cultural value as message delivery to the audience.

Jantuk, Topeng, meaning, Pierce Tracheotomy, Blantek, Betawi, Art

THE EVALUATION OF ELECTRICITY PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATION FOR THE POOR IN GROWONG KIDUL VILLAGE JUWANA SUB DISTRICT PATI REGENCY

Arman Remy, Dyaning Ajeng Hapsari

Electricity has become a need that needs to be fulfilled immediately nowadays because without electricity human cannot live properly. Without we realize it, electricity has become some kind of vital need for our living.
The need of electricity is not only for the upper economic class, but also the poor has the rights to enjoy the electricity, too. Because the price of the electricity installment are still too out of reach by the poor, the government of Growong Kidul Village in Juwana Sub District, Pati Regency making policy about electricity program for the poor that aids by Community Direct Fund and the people self-supporting fund.
The research method that is used by the writer is explorative research method with inductive approach that will explain the real condition on the field as seen in the data and the fact that will be described.
Therefore, the writer did the observation to understand the implementation of the program of electricity for the poor and the outcome of the program itself.

LEARNING PROMOTED BY CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION OF BANGLADESH: A CASE STUDY

Farhan Azim

The fundamental question explored in this article is related to the type of learning currently promoted in higher education classrooms of Bangladesh. The essay starts with a brief discussion on why it is important to do research in this area. Then existing literatures related to Assessment for Learning (AfL) are discussed. Finally, activities of a Bangladeshi higher education classroom are studied to understand what sort of learning was encouraged through the AfL practices there. Videotaped classroom activities were examined for this purpose. In addition, a description was collected from the teacher was analyzed. The findings indicate an overemphasis on ‘assessment as measurement’ and ‘assessment as procedure’ paradigms. In addition, features of second generation of assessment are also identified in the current practice.

classroom assessment, higher education, assessment of learning, assessment for learning, measurement.