LIFE-LOGGING TECHNOLOGY (SENSECAM): STATE-OF-THE-ART IN STUDYING AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY

Muhammad Salim Hossain

Unlike other memory categories, autobiographical memories are not recalled but rather reconstructed because of its association with the self. The reconstructive nature of autobiographical memory was first revealed in the works of Bartlett (1932) but systematic study on this topic started in the last quarter of the previous century (Conway, 1996; Linton, 1975; Neisser, 1981; Wagenaar, 1986). However, most of these studies had methodological flaws because of their dependence on single participants. This paper critically reviews all the techniques used in studying autobiographical memory. Hence it also discusses the role of life-logging technology (SenseCam) in studying autobiographical memory.

Life-logging, SenseCam, Autobiographical memory

DEVELOPING TRENDS OF MILITARY JUSTICE SYSTEM*

Dr. Dini Dewi Heniarti, Dr. Agus Ahmad Safei

It is generally known that military justice has existed since armies came into being.  There have been vari­ous attempts to classify types of military jurisdiction. Some scholars have different views by using thematic classifications/typologies, based on the specific features of military courts, and  a national models approach. The paper will demonstrate that military jurisdiction and military justice have been institutionalized in many countries. There is a growing trend towards abolition of the use of military courts for the trial of civilians. A number of States have military jurisdiction established in their constitutions, along with  regulations relating to their composition, operation and powers.  This paper examines the convergent and divergent military courts of state practices as seen from the comparative law perspective and scope of such regulations varies from country to country.

military; justice; system

ISABELLA LINTON’S COURAGE IN WUTHERING HEIGHTS: A STUDY

Salma Haque

Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights  is one of the greatest love stories of all time. The novel published a year before her death in 1848, is a complex piece of work. The book contains so many  troubled , tumultuous, and rebellious elements of romanticism. It is the story of two opposing families, the Earnshaws  and the Lintons and an outsider called Heathcliff. The Earnshaw family consists of Mr. and Mrs. Earnshaw and their children, Catherine and Hindley, and the Linton family consists of Mr, and Mrs. Linton and their two children Isabella and Edgar. In the course of the novel Heathcliff elopes with Isabella and later on marries her. She is a naïve girl when she first comes in contact with Heathcliff. After the elopement she undergoes a radical change.  Heathcliff’s brutality and mockery of love for her transform her into a brave woman. Though she is not a major character, she is a recognizable individual. Despite her appearance in eight chapters in a novel of thirty-four chapters, her presence is enough to get a better understanding  of  Heathcliff’s  true character. This paper aims to show Isabella as a courageous woman.

UNIVERSITY RANKINGS – NEW METHOD

Sabah Al – Najjar

In the past few years university rankings have become an unavoidable part of academic life. It has created competition between institutions and has become a marketing tool. It has become a  helpful and/or complimentary factors for evaluating universities and their processes. Ranking is a term used to refer to the rating and ordering of higher educational institutions. It is controversial and no ranking is absolutely objective. We should be cautious about any ranking. It would be impossible to have a comprehensive ranking world-wide  because of their huge differences through a large variety of countries and the technical difficulties of obtaining comparable data.
Rankings focus not only on universities as a whole, but also on various fields such as teaching, research etc. Ranking lists originally began at the national level, and within a clearly defined political and cultural region. International ranking lists are offering highly condensed comparative information. However, we might ask: how useful is this information and how reliable? And whether or not the ranking affect the decision-making , the students and the university’s behavior, and whether the ranking have affected on the students admissions........................................................................................................................

Assessment, Criteria, Indicators, Media, Methodology, Organizations, Research, Standardize, Systems, Variables.

ADAPTATION OF THE FIVE NONVERBAL SUBTESTS OF STANFORD–BINET INTELLIGENCE SCALE FIFTH EDITION FOR USE IN URBAN BANGLADESH

Dr. Nigar  Sultana, Dr. Sharmin Huq, Mohammad Nasir Uddin Khan

Following the total raw scores of SB5 testing, scores were divided into two groups and then item difficulty and the discrimination index were calculated within 165 children from the total sample. Besides, the study also sought to perform an age specific (6-16) item analysis from those total students. The adaptation and modification of the items were done based on the difficulty, discriminating index and internal consistency of item. Based on the findings, total 16 from 152 items were modified. While rearranging and modifying, themes were intended to keep unchanged and hence, items were changed with native content/symbol or object, made the item culture friendly, and often retranslated the question for better understanding of the students in Bangladesh.

Adaptation, Item analysis, Nonverbal, IQ, Standardization, SB5

OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR): AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE LISTED COMPANIES IN EGYPT

Relatively little research has examined the effects of ownership on the firms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR). In addition, prior research suggests that ownership structure is associated to corporate social responsibility (CSR) in developed countries. The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the impact of ownership structure on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Egypt as one of developing countries. Using a sample of 42 more active Egyptian firms covering the three year period 2007-2009, we hypothesize that different types of shareholders will have distinct motivations toward the firm’s CSR engagement. We break down ownership into different groups of shareholders: institutional, managerial, and foreign ownerships. Results indicate a significant, positive relationship between CSR ratings and ownership by institutions and foreign investors. In contrast, shareholding by top managers is negatively associated with firm’s CSR rating. We conclude that different owners have differential impacts on the firm’s CSR engagement.

Ownership structure, Corporate social responsibility, Egypt