PRACTICE OF SUPERSEDING IN THE APPOINTMENT OF JUDGES AT THE APEX COURT OF BANGLADESH: A REVIEW

Mohammad Monir Hossen and M. Anwarul Aziz Kanak,

 It is the pre-requisition of appointment of judges at higher and lower judiciary in due process for applying the theory ‘Rule of law’. Being a democratic country Bangladesh, in its lower judiciary, it is now ensuring an examination system for recruiting for the post of Judicial Magistrate or Assistant Judge. In the higher judiciary there is no system exists in recruitment for the post of Judges in High Court and Appellate division. In the higher judiciary a traditional rule exist that on the basis of seniority the Chief Justice shall be appointed. But it is the most shocking and surprisingly observed that in the previous appointment regarding the post of Chief Justice is appointed on the basis of political influence which ruins the entire judiciary following partisan ideology. The instant study is actually focusing that how the previous government supersedes the norms at the highest judiciary. The author also states some reported incidents, prevailing enactments, comparing the condition in other countries, and proposed some guidelines in the light of the directions of High Court division and urging the concerned authority to take effective steps in this regard.

Judges, Judiciary, Appointment, High Court, Supersede, Constitution, Chief Justice

“THE ROLE OF FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION STATE FINANCE
IN ORDER STRENGHTEN REGIONAL FISCAL CAPACITY
IN INDONESIA”

Prof. Dr. Edward M. Hutagalung, SH, M.Hum

The financial relationship between central and local government can be defined as a system, that regulates how some funds were divided among various levels of government as well as how to find sources of local empowerment to support the activities of public sector.
                Fiscal Decentralization the delegation of authority granted by the central government to the regions to make policy in the regional of financial management.
                On of the main pillars of regional autonomy is regional authority to independently manage the financial region state of Indonesia as a unitary state of Indonesia and haves to a combination of elements of recognition for local authorities to independently manage financial combine with the element of transfering fiscal authorities and super vision of the fiscal policy region.
                General allocation fund  (DAU) for the local government allocated on the basic of fiscal gap and basic allocation while fiscal gap is reduced by the fiscal needs of local fiscal capacity. Fiscal capacity of local sources of finding that comes from the regional revenue and tax saving funds out side the reforestation fund.
                The result showed that the strengthening of regional fiscal capacity is in line with regional authonomy.

Good government financing, fiscal decentralization, fiscal capacity, fiscal need, fiscal gap and General Allocation Fund.

PROBLEMS IN TEACHING ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILL IN LARGE CLASSES OF RURAL COLLEGES IN BANGLADESH: A CASE STUDY

Md. Morshedul Alam

This paper intends to investigate the problems that are related to teaching English speaking skills in large classes in rural colleges in Bangladesh. It is often debated about what should be the size of an ideal classroom for teaching English. In the context of Bangladesh large classrooms are a big problem for teaching English at higher secondary level, especially in rural areas. In order to address the issue, I have collected data from the various rural colleges in Chittagong, Bangladesh. The results expose some factors that affect the teaching of English speaking skills at higher secondary level in the rural areas.   

EGYPT AT THE CROSSROADS: THE ROLE OF POLITICAL SCIENCE IN EDUCATIONAL POLICY MAKING

Prof. Sayed Abou Daif, Dr. Mahmoud Khalifa

This paper outlines the potential role of political science in Egypt in informing the educational policy of the country, and the limitations that the current state of the subject might place on it successfully contributing to new directions for Egypt and the Egyptian people.
The research suggests that there are a number of barriers to the subject playing such a role. These include but also in the limited number of schools which are involved in teaching and research in political science, the unevenness of the content and the quality of education in political science, and the lack of interest by officials in political science in general and political scientists in particular.
This research represents an exploratory study of the methods, curriculum and the nature of the issues of political content in Egyptian universities, for reaching to the general perception of university courses content, and tries to explore the prospects for such courses to include a political dimension.
Initially, the researcher should explain the analytical restrictions on this particular research; It displays an overview including a general analysis of the issues which are related to undergraduate education and political science courses.

DETERMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORDER OF PREFERENCE OF FOOD AND CONSUMPTION FREQUENCY OF INDIVIDUALS HAVING INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY IN TURKEY

Assistant Prof. Dr. Pınar SAFAK , Assistant Prof. Dr. Muzeyyen ELDENIZ CETIN

The concept of preference is used quite alot today. Individuals with disabilities also have preferences. In this study, the relationship between order of food pereference and consumption frequency of individuals with intellectual disabilities has been investigated according to parental views. In this study thirty-five parents of children at seven-fourteen years of age participated in the diagnosis of intellectual disabilities. According to the research results, a relationship has been found between the food items preffered by the individuals with intellectual disabilities and their consumption frequency of these items at different levels.